Telecommunication and Networking Q/Ans

CLASS 10

CHAPTER 1.

Telecommunication and Networking Question & Answer.

What is data communication?

The process of transferring data or information between computers called data communication.

What is telecommunication?

It refer all types of data transmission like characters, numerical, photos, audios and videos etc using electronic or light emitting media. Eg email, voice mail, Video conference etc

What is modulation? Write with its type.

The process of changing some characteristics (amplitude, frequency or phase) of carrier wave in accordance with the intensity of the signal is known as modulation.
Types of modulation

Amplitude Modulation (AM)

Frequency Modulation (FM)

Phase Modulation (PM)

What is simplex communication mode?

Simplex is one-way data transmission that takes place only from sender to receiver. An example of this would be a television that allows the signal to pass in only one direction. Computer network connections do not use simplex.

What is duplex communication mode? Write its type and explain.

Duplex is two-way data transmission that takes place both directions over a communication channel. Computer use duplex channel. For example if computer A and computer B are connected together than both computers can share data or information From computer A to computer B or computer B to computer A.

Types of Duplex Mode

Half duplex

Half duplex is two way data transmission that takes place in only one direction at a time. Eg walkie Talkie

Full duplex

Full duplex is two-way data transmission that takes place in both directions at a time. Eg mobile communication, voice call, video-conferencing etc

What is transmission media?

The Hardware or software medium that is primarily used for the transfer data signals. They are the physical pathways that connect computers and other devices or people on the network called transmission media.

What is WWW (World Wide Web)?

Information can be accessed on the internet through the World Wide Web. Web is a system of organizing, linking and providing access to related internet files, resources and services.

What is the function of HTTP?

The task of HTTP is that it is used to communicate between Web client and servers. Its primary task is to move requests from clients to server and response vice versa.

What is the function of FTP?

The task of FTP is that it is used to copy files between two computers on the internet.

Write any 3 facilities you get from internet

What is protocol? Write any four communication protocol

A computer protocol is a system of digital rules for message exchange within or between computers. They are the formal descriptions of digital messages formats and rules. They are required to exchange messages in or between computing systems and are required in telecommunications.

 Any four communication protocols are as follows: 

1. Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
2. Post Office Protocol (POP)
3. Net Bios Enhancer User Interface (NetBEUI)
4. Internet Pack Exchange/ Sequential Packet Exchange (IPX/SPX)

What is internet? Write any four services you get from internet

Internet is a worldwide system of computer network. It is a network of networks in which users at any one computer can, if granted permission, get information from any other computer.

 Any four services of internet are as follows:

• Electronic Mail
• World Wide Web
• Electronic Fax
• Newsgroups

Write any 3 facilities provided by the internet.

• Electronic Mail (E-mail) = It is an electronic message sent from one computer to another.
• Telnet = Telnet allows internet users to access another computer linked to the internet.
• Usenet = Usenet is acting like a huge bulletin board with thousands of newsgroups and subgroups.

Define how computer network reduce the cost of operation.

Since a network allows sharing of hardware and software, it saves a considerable amount of money which would otherwise be spent on buying separate hardware and software for each computer. Thus, computer network reduces the cost of operation in offices.

Define cable. Explain with its Write its types.

Cables are the most common transmission media. Two or more devices are connected directly using cables. Three types of cables are used in computer networking they are

Twisted pair cable

Twisted copper cables are used only for lower bandwidth. It consists of two isolated strands of copper wire twisted around each other. There are two types of twisted pair cables they are as follows:

UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair)

UTP cables does not have metal shield expect plastic coating. It contains number of twisted pairs of wires with a simple plastic casing. It commonly used to for LAN and Telephony. It is cheaper and easier to work with, but do not offer high bandwidth and good protection from interferences. It can support data transmission rates from 10 to 100 mbps.

STP (Shielded Twisted Pair)

STP is similar to UTP but it is shielded with metal sheath along with plastic coating. It offers high bandwidth and good protection from interferences. It is cheaper than fiber optic cable. It can support data transmission rates from 10 to 500 mbps.

Co- axial cable

A co-axial carries higher bandwidth than twisted pair, it is easy to connect. It does not bend readily. This cable consists of one or more small cables in a protective covering. It offer very high data transfer rate and can be placed underground and laid on the floors of lakes and oceans.

Fiber Optic cable

Fiber optic cable is a thin filament of glass fiver wrapped in a protective jacket. It consists of strands of glass like thread, each about the diameter of a human hair. It offer high-speed data transmission rate because data travel as high-speed pulses of light.

Define unguided media with its types.

It is used to transfer data with in large geographical areas or globally without the use of interconnecting wires or cables. It uses other components such as radio signals, microwaves, or infrared to connect network.

Types of wireless communication Microwave System

Microwave signals are similar to radio and television signals and are used to transmit data through the space without the use of cable. It provides high-speed data transmission. These signals cannot bend or pass obstacles like hills and tall buildings, so very high towers are used to mount the signals. The transmission is limited about 30 miles. Chain of towers is required to transmit the microwave signals in a long distance

Satellite communication

both microwaves signals and telephone signals can be relayed to an earth station for transmission to a communication satellite. The earth station consists of a satellite dish that functions as an antenna a communication equipment to transmit and receive data from satellite passing overhead. It is not disturbed by hills and tall buildings and visible from any point. So sender and receiver easily communicate with each other using antenna by aiming the satellite. It is very expensive for placing satellite along the earth orbit.

What is workstation?

Workstation is a computer intended for individual use that is faster and more capable than a personal computer. It is a computer dedicated to a user or group of users engaged in business or professional work.

Define LAN (Local Area Network)

A Local Area Network (LAN) is a network of computers that are relatively near to each other and are connected in a war that enables them to communicate by a cable and a small wireless device. A LAN consists of just two or three computers to exchange data or share resources or it can include hundreds of computers of different kinds.

Define Man (Metropolitan Area Network)

Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs) are large computers networks spread over a city or neighboring cities. A MAN can have a group of many LANs. Especially, big companies, banks, offices etc. They use MAN to connect with their branches or sub offices for communicating data and information.

Define WAN (Wide Area Network)

Wide Area Network is a telecommunications network usually used for connecting computers that spans a wide geographical area or worldwide. WANs can be used to connect cities, states or even computers. Typically, it will employ communication circuits such as long distance telephone wires, microwaves and satellites. WANs are often used by larger corporations or organizations to facilitate the exchange of data. The world's most popular WAN is the Internet.

Write any four advantage of computer network.

• Resources, data, software and hardware can be shared.
• Faster & cheaper communication and data transmission.
• It provides as the tools for e-mail teleconferencing videoconferencing which facilities communication.
• Flexible working condition.
• Office automation can be making very effective well managed.

Write any 4 disadvantage of computer network.

• High installation and administrative cost.
• Attack on the privacy of the people.
• Computer virus spread most easily through network.
• Technologically very complicated.
• If the server is out of order, then all workstations are hang up.
• Well trained technical support is required.

What is server?

Server is a computer or computer program that manages access to a centralized resource or service in a network.

Define Clint Server Network

It is a type of network in which each computer in a network is either a client or a server. It is an arrangement where some programs, files or other resources located on one computer called the server but are available to other systems on the network, called clients.

Define peer to peer network

Peer to peer network is a type of decentralized and distributed network architecture in which individual nodes in the network acts as both suppliers and consumers of resources in contrast to centralized client server model.

What is hub?

A hub is a hardware device that relays communication data. A hub sends data packets to all devices on a network, regardless of any MAC addresses contained in the data pocket.

What is NIC?

It is a Network Interface Card, which connects each computer to the wiring to the network. A NIC is a circuit board that fits in one of the computer’s expansion slots. It provides a port on the back of the computer to connect in the network.

What is switch?

A device that capable of forwarding packets directly to the ports associated with particular network addresses. Hubs and switches are almost same but switch is new technology and intelligent compare to hub.

What are repeaters?

A device used on communications circuits that decrees distortion by amplifying or regenerating a signals so that it can be transmitted onward in its original strength and form as they pass through a network cable.

What is protocol?

Protocols are the set of rules and formats for sending and receiving data. It works as guidelines to govern the exchange between equipments. There are different types of protocols that we can use. Some of popular protocols are TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, IPX/SPX.

Define router.

A router is a device that is used to connect different LAN in the network. It receives transmitted messages and forwards them their correct destinations over most efficient available route.

What is NOS (Network Operating System)?

The operating, which can support network environment, is called Network Operating System. For example Windows XP, 2000, server, unix, linux, Novel Netware etc.

What is network architecture?

Network architecture is the design of a communication network. It is a framework for the specification of network’s physical components and their functional organization and configuration, its operational principles and procedures, as well as data formats use

Write any four advantages and disadvantage of client server network architecture.

Advantages of client server network:

• It works with any size or physical layout of LAN.
• It does not tend to slow down with heavy use.
• The network can be expanded to any size as we wish.
• It provide very high level security
• It reduces software installation time and cost to all computers.

Disadvantages of client server network:

• It is very difficult to setup and well trained technicians are required to handle and setup.
• It is expensive compare to peer to peer network.
• All software and operating systems are installed in server computer so that other client computer has to depend on it.

What is network topology? Write its types.

A computer network topology is the physical layout of network communication used to connect devices and user. It is the way computer systems or network equipments are connected to each other.

The network topologies are as below:

• Bus Topology
• Ring Topology
• Star Topology
• Tree Topology
• Mesh Topology
• Hybrid Topology

Define bus topology.

A bus topology is a network topology in which nodes are connected in a daisy chain by a linear sequence of buses. It is an arrangement of computers on a local area network in which each computer is connected to a central cable through which data is channeled.

Write advantage and disadvantage of bus topologyAdvantage of bus topology are:

• It is easy to set up and extend bus network.
• Cable length required for this topology is the least compared to other networks.
• Bus topology costs very less.
• It is mostly used in small networks. It is good for LAN.

The disadvantages of bus topology are

• It is not suitable for networks with heavy traffics.
• It is difficult to detect and troubleshoot fault at individual station.
• There is limit on central cable length and number of nodes that can be connected.
• Security is very lows because the entire computer receives the sent signals from the source.

Define ring topology

Ring topology is a network topology in which each node connects to exactly two other nodes, forming a single continuous pathway for signals through each node – a ring. Data travel from node to node with each node along the way handling every packet.

Write Advantage and Disadvantage of Ring Topology.The advantages and disadvantages of ring topology are
Advantages

• Very orderly network where every device has access to the token and opportunity to transmit
• Does not require central node to manage the connectivity between the computers.
• Point to point line configuration makes it easy to identify and isolate faults.
• Performs better than bus topology under heavy network load.

Disadvantages

One malfunctioning workstation can create problems for the entire network.

Moving, adding and changing the devices can affect the network.

Communication delay is directly proportional to number of nodes in the network.

Bandwidth is shared on all links between devices.

Define start topology

Star topology is a network topology where each individual piece if network is attached to a central node. The attachment of these network pieces to the central component is visually represented in a dorm similar to a star.

Write Advantage and disadvantage of Ring Topology.The advantages and disadvantages of star topology are Advantages

• As compared to bus topology, it gives far much better performance.
• Easy to connect new nodes or devices. In star topology new nodes can be added easily without affecting rest of the network. 
• Centralized management. It helps in monitoring the network.
• Failure of one node or link does not affect the rest of network. At the same time it is easy to detect and troubleshoot it.

Disadvantages

• Too much dependency on central devices. If it falls whole network goes down.
• The use of hub, router or a switch as central devices increases the overall cost of the network.
• Performance and as well number of nodes which can be added in such topology is depended in capacity of central devices.

List the bounded transmission media below

• Twisted pair
• co-axial Cable
• Fiber optic cable

Write any two importance of modem.

• They allow higher speeds of transmission on a given analog line.
• They reduce the effects of noise and distortion.

Write difference between LAN & WAN.

Local Area Network

• A LAN is restricted to a limited geographical coverage of a few kilometers.
• Data transmission speed is much higher in LAN.

Wide Area Network

• WAN spans greater distance and may operate nationwide or even worldwide
• Data transmission speed is slower in WAN than in a LAN

Difference between dedicated server and non dedicated server

Dedicated Server

• Dedicated Server means the server will only do what the user want it to do. The user has all of the computer resources at command.

• A dedicated server is a server shoes only job is to help workstation access data, software and hardware.
• For example = If you are referring to a game server then dedicated is when your computer just runs the server.

Non-dedicated Server

• A non-dedicated server is where the resources are shared between multiple users.

• A non-dedicated server acts as a server as well as a workstation.
• For example = If you are referring to a game server then non-dedicated is when you are the server and you play.

Write difference between Email & E-Fax

E-mail

• It is the services of internet in which messages are sent from and received by the servers.
• The messages sent can be received in the email box.

E-fax

• It is the services of the internet in which faxes are sent from and received by the servers.
• The faxes sent are received through faxes.

Write difference between internet & Intranet.

Internet

• It is an open, public space, a worldwide system of interconnected computer networks.
• It is worldwide, publicly accessible series of computer networks. 

Intranet

• It is a private network within an organization that resembles the internet.
• It is password protected and is accessible to only the authorized persons.